Core oven



March 17, 1925.

A. A. WICKLAND CORE OVEN Filed Aug. l2,

March 17, 1925. 1,529,977 A. A. WICKLAND CORE OVEN Filed Aug. 12, 192,24 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 07 f@ if, T- i@ 2, 5 7 QZK' f7 j ff f/ f7 @y Z 5 ,7 d97 M gl .f2 y 'S d- Much 17, 1925.

` 1,529,917 A. A. wlcKLAND CORE OVEN l Filed Aug. 12, 1922 v 4Sheets-Sheet 3 l l l l l I l l l l l WwW/Z@ J' March 17, 1925. I

1529,977 A. A. wlczKLAND CORE' OVEN Filed Aug. l2, 1922 4 Shets-Sheet 4.

Patented Mar. 17, 19,25.

i UNITED STATES ALG-OT A. WICKLAND, OF CHICAGO, .LLINOI ASSIGNOR TOCAMPBELL, kYANT 8o CANNONl FOUNIDRY CO., OIE' MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN, ACORPURATION 0F MICHIGAN.

conn OVEN.

Application filed August l2, 1922i. Serial No. 581,365. v

To alt' whom t may conce/mt:

Be it lrnown that I, Arcor il. l/VIGKLAND, a citizen of the Unite(States, and resident of Chicago, in the county of Cool; and State ofIllinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in CoreUvens, of which `the fcllowing is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification.

This invention relates to core ovens and particularly to core ovens andheating apparatus therefor in which fuel other than colte is employed.Ntdost of the core ovens used l in foundries of the present day areheated by the use of colte. From a standpoint of economy, it has beenfound` Very desirable to heat core ovens bv fuel other than coke andparticularly by the usev of bituminous coal, but no satisfactory ineansof employing bituminous coal in the heating of core ovens has heretoforebeen devised, as the soot pro` duced by the incomplete combustion ofbituminous coal acts to foul the cores.

The object of the present invention is to provide core ovens and afurnace for heating the same in which bituminous coal may besatisfactorily employed.

One of the features of the invention is the prevu-sion of moans foradmitting air to the lire box of the furnace above the fire anddirecting these air currents in such a direc-A tion that they tend toproduce a whirling motion of the gasesv of combustion and air within thelire box, thus thoroughly mixing the incoming air with the gases ofcombustion and acting to complete the process of combustion.

A further feat-ure and one allied with the one just mentioned is theprovision of means for injecting vair into the lire box or combustionchamber above the tire adjacent to the edge ofthe bridge which separatesthe lire box from the exit flue.

Another feature of theinvenlion is the means provided for causing airwhich is admitted to the lire box below the lire to cngage or passthrough a body of water before reaching the fire.

Another feature resides in the manner of so controlling the air supplybelow the fire as to burn the coal practically to carbon monoxide andthen supplying air to the lire box above the lire to completethecombustion of the carbon monoxide to. carbon dioxide.

Another feature of the invention isthe provision of air passages in thewall of the furnace flue and terminating these passages at one end intheflue.

il; still further feature is the provision of air, conduits on oppositesides of the hre box which act to conduct the air to the tire box andvto thc passages in the flue wall above referred to, and the use ofthese air conduitsas spreadingl of the walls of the irebox.

A still further feature is the means for admitting gases of combustionto the oven and the manner of controlling the escape of the gases fromthe oven, so that all'parts of the oven are substantially equally heatedand the moist air or steam froni the cores ,Vis drawn oliA and notpermitted to collect or remain in any portion of the ovens.

@ther features and advantages of the in-A vention will appear from timeto time as the description of the invention progresses.

`Referring now toV the drawings:

Figure l is a horizontal transverse section through the fire box andpassages therefrom With parts broken away; y

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section tie plates which operate toprevent the `with parts broken away;

Figure 3 is a transverse section through the ovens and channels;

Figure 4 is a iff'iew'loolring at the rear of the ovens and channels;

Figure 5 is a section substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 3';

Figure 6 is a section substantially on the line 6 6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a top or plan view of the lire box of one of the furnacesand shows the adjacent parts broken away; and

Figure 8 is a section substantially on the line 8-8 "of Figure 7.

It is believed that the novel features of the present invention will bebest understood from a detailed description thereof taken inconnectionwith the drawings, in which like reference characters indicateVlike parts in the several views. y Y

Referring to the drawings (Figure 5), .l0- l0 indicates the fire boxesof the two furnaces. In the present disclosure, two series of ovens 1lare contemplated, each of which is heated byl 'one `ofthe lire boxes10.`

PATENT oFFIcEL the drawings, Figure 5 shows at the lower `part thereofthe passages under one of the series of ovens and in the upper partthereof shows the other series of ovens. These two series of ovens andthe heating equipment therefor are substantially identical, and in thefurther description Vof the invention, only one of the series of ovensand its heating equipment will vbe considered. It should be kept inmind, however, that a series of air passages, ysuch as shown in thelower half of Figure 5, is provided below the ovens, such as shown inthe upper half, and that a series of ovens such as shown in theupperhalf of this ligure are provided over the air passages indicated inthe lower half ofthis figure.

We will now consider the fire box or combustion chamber and partsimmediately rassociated therewith. The fire box has the top wall 12,front wall 18 and the side walls 14 and 15 of the usual iire brickconstruction. Positioned within the front wall 13 is the stolrerorcoal-feeding device 16, which is adapted to supply coal to thev lirebox. Below the stolrer 16 are the slice doors 17, through whichclinlrers and other matter may be removed from the grate 18. Within thewall is a pair of stoking and trimming doors 19 through which the coalmay be raked level and also through which coal may be introduced whendesired. Extending transversely of the fire box at the rear thereof is asubstantially rectangular conduit 20, preferably of cast iron, andextending transversely of the lire box at the forward end thereof is aconduit 21, also preferably of cast iron. The grate bars 18,

which may be of any preferred construction,

are carried by brackets 22 secured to the con` duits 2O and 21. Belowthe fire box is a wall 23 of concrete or other suitable material havinga depression 24 therein. The depression 24 within the wall 23 willnormally be filled with water substantially up to the dotted line. A4drainpipe 25 is provided to limit the height to which the water mayrise.

Positioned on top of the wall 12 is a wind box 26 into which air may beforced through the pipe 27 (see Figure 7). Extending forwardly from thewind box 26 adjacent to the edges of the lire box are the conduits 28and 29. The conduits l28 and 29 communicate with the verticallyextending conduits 30 and 31. respectively, which will preferably beformed of cast iron. The conduits 30 and 31 at the lower-ends thereofcommunicate with the transversely extending conduit 21, previouslyreferred to. Extending downwardly from the transverse conduit 2l at theopposite ends thereof are the extensions 32 which terminate well belowthe surface of the water within the depression 24.

Openings 33 are formed within the extensions 32 below the surface of thewater in the receptacle 24. rlhus it will be seen that the air forcedinto the wind box 26 from the pipe 27 will pass downwardly through theconduits 8O and 31 into the conduit 21 and'from there either directlyinto the water .or through the extensions 32 and opening:

vtne opposite sidefofthe lire boxffrom the' conduits 30 and 3l are apair of vertically extending conduits 3T and88. Conduit 38 communicatesat the lower end thereof with the transversely extending conduit 20. Thelire box is provided adjacent to fthe point where the 'flue leadstherefrom with an obstruction or bridge 40, preferably constructed oflire brick. Extending upwardly from the conduit 2O through the bridge 40isa plurality of air passages 41 which, at their upper ends, communicatewith the interior of the fire box, the openings being directed away fromthe flue 39. Thus air which is maintained under pressure in the wind box26 passes downwardly through the vertically extending conduit 38,through conduit 20 and air passages 41 and into thc lire box, and as theair is directed away from the exit from the lire box, it becomesthoroughly mixed with the gases of coinbustion and acts to help completethe process of combustion. j

A tube has one end communicating with the wind box 26 and the other endwith the nozzle 42S which terminates at the inner surface of the iirebox adjacent to one corner thereof. Another pipe 44 has one endcommunicating with the wind box 2G and the other with the nozzle 45which terminates at the inner surface of the lire box adjacent to theopposite corner thereof. The nozzles 43 and 45 are so arranged that theair forced therethrough is directed substantially parallel to theadjacent walls of the iire box. From an inspection of Figure 1 of thedrawings, injected into the 'lire box throi'agh the nozzles 423 and 45will tend to cause a whirling motion of the gases and air within thefire box. This whirling motion will be increased by the streams of aircoming in through the passages or ducts 41. The streams of air throughthe ducts 41 will also tend to retard the passage of the gases ofcombustion from the fire box. Thus it will be seen that the air admittedto the tire it will be obvious that the air being` box above'the firewill be given time to beconie thoroughly inizicd with the gases ofcombustion before passing beyond the conibustion area. :ln the preferredoperation of the furnace, ordinarily only sufficient air will beadmitted to the fire box under the grate to burn the coal to carbonmonoxide and the air admitted to the `lire box above the fire then actsto complete the combustion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Thepurpose of this `procedure is to get as perfect combustion as possibleand prevent as far as possible the passage of soot through the flue 39to the core ovens.

The vertically extending conduit 57 conimunicates with a plurality ofair passages foi-ined within the wall 47 at one side of the flue 39.'lhe passage of air through the ducts or passages 46 operates to conveyheat from the wall 47 and also operates to slightly reduce thetemperature of the gases passing through the flue 39 andito augment thevolume of heated gas which passes to the core ovens. The combustionchamber may be considered as including that part of the flue 39 to theopenings from passages 46 as well as the lire box proper. Dampers 48 areprovided within the conduits `37 and 38 so as to regulate the flow ofair through the air ducts 4l and 46.

'l`he wind box 26, conduits 28, 29, 30, 3l, 37 and 38, beingimmediatelyadjacent to the walls of the lire box, act to absorb heatfrom the walls of the lire box and conduct it within the vlire box orinto the flue entending from the lire box. The lire vbox walls arematerially cooled by `this means, and the heat absorbed from the wallsact-s to preheat the air being injected into the fire box and thus helpsto bring about more perfect combustion.

The conduits 3l and 3S and alsothe conduits 3() and 37 may be joined bybolts or rods extending transversely through the furnace, and thus actas tie plates which prevent spreading of the lire box walls.

lVe will now describe the passages leading from the tire box to theoven, the arrangement of the ovens and the passages through which thegases are conducted from the ovens. .als seen in Figure 5, there isposi,- tioned on one side of the flue 39 a. series of supporting walls49, the principal function of which is to support the outer ends of theovens. Lying adjacent to the liuc 39 is a ilue which coinniuiiicateswith the .liuc at its end remote from the fire box. rPhe tue 50, as seenin Figure 3, passes immediately below the inner ends of the ovens. Theflue 50 is provided in the top thereof with a plurality of openings 51,two for each oven, which permit the hot gases passing from the lire boxto enter the ovens. lixtending across under the ends ofthe ovens remotefrom the flue 50 is an air conduit 52` Aadyacent to one side of the ovenand then transversely across the top thereof. Each of the-conduits isprovided with a plurality of openings 56 and Dainpers 58 are provided tocontrol the passage of the gasesthrough the opeiiings and danipers 59are provided to govern the passage of gas through. the openings 5T. Thedan'ipers 5o may be operated by a single operating rod 6() and thedainpers 59 may be controlled by an operating rod 6l, or means may beprovided for operating the dampers separately. .Extendinglongitiulinally under the bottom of each of the ovens ll is a. conduit62 provided with a plurality of openings 63. rEhe conduit connnunicateswith the conduit 52 and thus the suction created therein by means of theconduit 52 being joined to the stack 54 will act to draw the gases fromwithin the oven downwardly through the openings between the channel bars64 which form the 'floor of the oven and into the conduit 62. Thus itwill be seen that through the medium of the conduits and openingstherein and the conduit 62 and openings therein, the gases Within theovens are drawn from a plurality of different kpoints in the oven atseparated regions, and by controlling the amount of air which. passesthrough these several conduits and openings by means of the dampersprovided, air may be exhausted practically equally troni the variousparts of the oven, thus irn'eventing the accumulation of a quantity ofinoist air in any particular region of the oven.

rllhe ovens are provided at their forward edges with the channel bars 65which vare adapted to receive the vedges of the vertically sliding doors66. The channels 65 may be extended upwardly` beyond the tops of theoven, as indicated in Figure 6, and thus form a support for thesuper-structure 67 which carries the counter balancing pul` leys 68. 69indicates a chain or otherdevice, one end of whichmay be secured to adoor 66, the other end being 'secured to a counter balancing weight T6,or any other desired device.

.llxtending downwardly from the stack 54 is a pair of pipes or conduits7l, each of which communicates with one of the con duits .50 `at its endremote from the fire bon l0. Dampers 72 are provided lwithin theconduits 7l. 'Thua when the fire is being started within the furnace,the dampers 72 may be openedand lthe dampers 'T3-within the conduits 53closed, giving a direct draft from thc furnace. ylfhc dampei's willremain in this position until the brick work of the furnace is broughtto a teniperature above the ignition point of the ga, so iliat co1npletecombustion majv be secured and thus avoid a deiosit of soot in the coreovens. When, however, the lire is burning sulficiently, the dampers T2may be closed and the danipers T3 opened, thus causing the gases fromthe "iire box to pass through the core ovens on their way to the stack5l.

lt will be noted that the conduit through which the hot gases are drawnfrom the ovens is located .immediately below the slatted floors of theovens.` Therefore, the heat from this conduit will act o a Certainextent. to is t in maintaining the oven hot.

ln order to create a forced draft in the stack when found desirable ornecessary, an injector nozzle 7st is inserted in the stack with its openend pointing upwardly. rifhe nozzle ''flconnected with :i blower T5through the medium of the tube Tb. rlhe blower "[5 may be driven in anydesired manner, but preferably by means of an electric motor indicatedat 77.

The gases within the roui'oustioii chamber which result om thecombustion of the coal will be at a temperature of approximately 2,2000.'llhe air admitted to the combustion clianiber above the lire does notact to materially lower the temperature of the gas for the reason thatit brings about further combustion. The air, however, admitted to theflue 39 through the air passages i6 acts to materially decrease thetemperature of the gases passing thro-ugh the flue. The decrease oftemperature broughtl about by introduction of the air through passages4G and the loss of heating due to conduction through the walls of thevarious passages, reduce the temperature so that the gases have aytemperature.- of between 700 and 8000 at the time they enter the coreovens. This temperature has been found satisfactory for drying or bakingthe cores. rThe air in the ovens is saturated with moisture due to theevaporation of the moisture from the cores. This moist air is beingconstantly removed from the ovens through the various exit openingsprovided in the different parts of the oven, thus constantly bringingthe hot relatiifely dry air into Contact with thc cores to be baked.

rlfhe present arrangement, by providing means for properly controllingthe supply of air to the lire box both below and above the tire,operates to bring about very perfect combustion, thus practicallyeliminating all soot, etc. Also, the provision of means for controllingthe quantity-of air admitted to the lire box and also to the flue andfor controlling the rapidity of the passage of the gases into the ovenspermits the ovens to be maintained at approximately theniost satifactory temperature.

Although in the drawings and in the above description, applicant vhasconfined himself to what he considers the'preferred embodiment ofv hisinvention, it is to bel understood that -various modifica-tions arecontemplated, and the invention should, therefore, be limited merely bythe scope of the appended claims.

Having now described my invention, what lA consider is new anddesire losecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. rlhe combination witha core oven, of afurnace for heating said oren,including a fire box, and mea 's for causing air supplied to the lire inaid lire box tobubble up through water before being admitted to the lirebox.

2. rl`he combination with a core oven. of a furnace for heating saidoven, including a fire box, and means for causing air supplied to thelire in said lire box to bubble up through a body of water under thelire box before beino adn'iitted thereto.

3. The combination with a plurality of core ovens, of a furnace forheating said ovens, including a fire box, a flue extending from saidiire box toward saidoven, a channel adjacent to said flue andcommunicating therewith at its end remote from the iire box and alsocommunicating with said ovens, and a wall between said flue and channelhaving air passages therein communicating with said iue.

-:l. ln combination, a core oven having an apertured floor, a furnacefor heating said oven including a fire box, a flue extending from saidiire bo-x to said oven for conveying the gases of combustion to saidoven, and an exhaust conduit extend-.ing substantially centrally undersaid iioor adjacent. thereto and having openings for drawing gases downthrough said floor. f

5. In combination, a plurality of core ovens, aA furnace for heatingsaid ovens,'in cluding a fire box, a flue extending from said fire boxunder said ovens, and a channel adjacent to said liuc and communicatingtherewith at its end remote from said lire box, said flue being providedwith openings positioned under the floor of said ovens.

6. ln combination, a core oven, a furnace for heating said oven,including a fire box. ay iiue extending from said fire box to said oven,an exhaust conduit coi'i'nnunicating with said oven, a stack, a stackextension conduit joining said stack to said `[lue intermediate said{ire box and oven, a second stack extension conduit joining said stackto said exhaust conduit, and dampers within said stack extensionconduits, respectively.

7. In combination, a core oven, a furnace for heating said ovenincluding a lire box, a first flue leading from said lire box, a secondiiue connecting with the far end of said iii-st flue and doubling backalongside said lirst flue, outlets from said second flue to said oven, astack, means operable to direct the products of con'ibustion from saidfirst flue to said stach without traversing said second flue and saidoven and means for compelling the products of combustion to traversesaid second flue and said oven before passage to said stack.

8. In conibiiuition, a plurality of core ovens, a furnace for heatingsaid ovens, including a fire box, a flue extending from said lire boxunder said ovens, said flue being provided with openings positionedunder the floor of said ovens, an exhaust conduit having upper portionsdisposed adjacent the tops of said ovens for exhausting the upperportions thereof, and lower portions disposed below the floor of saidovens for exhausting the lower portions thereof, and a stackcommunicating with said exhaust conduit. j

9. In combination, a plurality of core ovens, a furnace for heating saidovens, including a fire box, a flue leading from said fire box, achannel connecting' with the far end of said'flue and doubling backabove said flue and under said ovens, a wall separating said flue andsaid channel, and an air passage extending` through said wall andopening into said fine.

l0. In combination, a plurality of core ovens, a furnace for heatingsaid ovens, including a fire box, a flue `extending from said fire boxunder said ovens, a channel adjacent to said flue and communicatingtherewith at its end remote from said fire box, said channel beingprovided with openings positioned under the floors of said ovens, anexhaust conduit opening into the upper part of each core oven forexhausting the upperl arca thereof, a lower exhaust conduit opening intoeach of said core ovens below the floor thereof for exhausting the lowerpart of said oven down through said floor, an exhaust manifoldconnecting with said exhaust conduits, a stack, a second `flue forming apassageway between said first flue and said stack in shunt of saidovens, dempers in said second flue and in said exhaust manifold throughsaid stack.v

il. The combination with a core oven, of a furnace for vheating saidoven, including a fire box, a flue leadingfrom said' fire box, a bridgebetween said lire box and said flue, means for causing air supplied tothe lower portion of said fire in said lire box to bnb ble up through abody of water before being admit-ted to the .tire box, means forinjecting air into said fire box adjacent the edge of said bridge, saidair being directed toward the interior of said tire box, and means forinjecting air into said fire box above the fire, said air being admittedat opposite sides of said fire box and so directed as to produce awhirling A`motion of the gases within said lire box.

l2. The combination with a core oven, of a furnace for heating saidoven, including a lire boX, an air manifold extending across the top ofsaid fire box, a bridge in said fire box, an air passageway ldischargingfrom said bridge adjacent the upper portion thereof, an air conduitconnected between said manifold and said air passageway, and airconduits connecting with said air manifold and extending down across thefront of said fire box for discharging into said fire box below thegrate.

13. The combination with a core oven, of a furnace for heating saidoven, including a fire boxa flue leading from said fire box, a bridgebetween said flue and said fire box, a waterl receptacle below said firebox, an air manifold, anair passageway in said bridge dischargingadjacent the upper edge thereof, a conduit connecting said air manifoldwith said air passageway, a pair of nozzles discharging into said lirebox from opposite sides thereof to cansea whirling motion of theproducts of combustion, conduit means connecting said nozzles with saidmanifold, air outlets below the water level in said water receptacle forcausing air-.to bubble up through said water into said fire box, andconduit means connecting said air outlets with said air manifold.

In witness whereof, `I hereunto subscribe my name this 9th day ofAugust, 1922.

ALGOT A. WICKLAND. Witnesses:

DAGMAR PETERSON, ALICE M. BERTONGINI.

